Agria Vet Guide

Dystocia in dogs - when should a vet be contacted?

Updated

As we discussed in the conversation, your dog seems to be going through a normal whelping process - below is a brief outline of the normal whelping process for bitches and important info about which signs/symptoms should immediately result in contact with your local vet.

The normal whelping process

Preparatory advice:

Take the temperature of the dog 3-4 times a day in the last week of pregnancy. The temperature is usually lowered by 0.5-2 degrees in the first stage of labor (unblocking stage) due to changes in hormone levels.  This sudden drop in body temperature often suggests the puppies will be born in the next 24 hours. Knowing the bitch's normal body temperature (which can vary from individual to individual) can therefore help pinpoint the start of whelping. 

The unblocking(preparation) stage:

This is the first stage of whelping and during this stage most bitches show signs such as panting, restlessness, nesting(Digging, circling and passing around her nest box) and looking at her back end. This stage usually lasts 4-12 hours, but in some bitches, especially first-time mothers, it can last up to 36 hours. She may pass a small amount of red/brown mucus from her vulvae during this stage. At this stage, some bitches prefer to be left alone and others seek out company. Let her choose for herself. 

The expulsion stage:

As a general rule, the bitch will go into active labor 12 hours after the temperature normalises. The birth itself usually lasts 3-12 hours, depending on the number of puppies. It is normal for the bitch to have contractions, with strong contraction of the abdominal muscles for half an hour, followed by a period of rest before having contractions again. The puppies can be  born every few minutes or up to  2-3 hours apart. Each puppy is born in an amniotic membrane, which the bitch bites through before she licks the puppy clean. If the bitch does not remove the membrane herself, then you must do it for her, so that the puppies can breathe.

The afterbirth stage:

The afterbirth is usually passed after every puppy, but sometimes several puppies are born without afterbirths and these will follow later. As an owner, it is a good idea to have an overview and check that the number of afterbirths corresponds to the number of puppies. It is not uncommon for the bitch to eat the afterbirth so monitoring is quite important. The bitch may have a discharge from the vagina 1-3 weeks after giving birth, as part of the completely normal recovery process after giving birth. Initially this discharge is bloody and later becomes more clear. This discharge should not be green and/or smelly.

Your local clinical veterinarian must be contacted immediately in the following cases

- If the bitch has bloody and smelly discharge from the vagina prior to whelping

- If it has been 12 hours since the temperature has normalised and labor has not started

- In case of strong contractions without the birth of a puppy within 30 min

- In case of weak contractions without birth of a puppy within 2 hours

- In the case of water leakage, which is not followed by birth within 6 hours

- If more than 4 hours have passed since the last puppy was delivered and the contractions have stopped (only if more puppies are expected).

- If there is no sign of parturition (temperature lowering) 68 days after the first mating.

- At any sign of a deterioration in general health in the pregnant bitch.

- Green discharge form the vagina and no puppy immediately delivered.

Guide tagged with: Dystocia Reproduction and neonatology
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